Vanillin

"Vanillin is a single molecule, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (much easier to call it Vanillin), whose structure is shown in the image on the right. It's a white crystalline solid, which melts at 81°C. Vanilla planifola is an orchid which produces seed pods from which vanilla extracts are obtained; these extracts contain nearly 200 different molecules, of which vanillin is the most important, and most abundant, making up 98% of the eventual vanilla extract. Vanillin itself was first isolated from vanilla pods by Nicholas-Theodore Gobley in 1858 (though he thought that its formula was C₁₀H₆O₂, not C₈H₈O₂). The biosynthetic pathway starts with phenylalanine."